It is one of the easier obligatory methods of non-destructive tests conducted at various types of welded steel structures. Visual tests give the possibility to detect many of the defects at different stages of the production process which eventually results in time-savings and lower financial costs.

VT method allows for detection of following product defects:
Shape defects:
- dimensions-deviations,
- defective assembly and its inaccuracies,
- surface defects arising during production process e.g: surface checking (cracks), undercuts, incomplete fusions, wormholes.
Defects arisen during exploitation process:
- corrosions,
- fatigue cracks,
- leaks.

Visual testing VT can carried out by:
– naked eye inspections,
– inspections made with the use of proper equipment: endoscope, magnifying glass, boroscopes.

Executing VT tests, as a preliminary test, is the first step of making tests using other methods afterwards. Simultaneously, it allows for detection of many defects which is essentials in further construction assessment and the use of subsequent method.

It is one of the easiest and at the same time, the most commonly used method in non-destructive testing. The use of this method allows for detection of surface defects.

We can distinguish two different techniques of penetration testing (PT):
– testing in day light,
– testing in UV light.

PT tests are executed in materials that belong to the carbon and alloy steel group, alloys of aluminum, cooper or titanium and metal ceramics. This method has a wide range of testing leaks of tanks and their welded joints, etc. Penetration testing can be used in ferromagnetic materials, non-ferromagnetic and non-metallic materials

This method of non-destructive tests can be performed in ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt or their alloys; welded, thermal treated. MT helps to find the surface and sub-surface defects: cracks, laps, wormholes. This method is reliable on magnetizing the tested elements and detecting magnetic field of dispersion, appearing in the scope of discontinuity occurrence. Sensibility of Magnetic testing is defined by the width and depth of detected defects.

Magnetic testing enables identifying the most dangerous surface and sub-surface discontinuities such as: fatigues, hardening, grinding, forging cracks, incomplete fusions, welding checking, pulling, lapping.

It is one of the most known and prevalent method of non-destructive testing. The method employes the effect of propagate ultrasound wave in a solid body. This technique is used to detect defects, create their assessment and dimensioning, define characteristic features of the material. It also creates the possibility of finding dangerous interior, surface and sub-surface discontinuities of materials.
Essential advantage of these tests is the speed of receiving information, high level of precision, universality and effectiveness.
UT tests are carried out with transiting technique or by echo technique. Ultrasound method can be used for testing elements made from ferratic and austenitic steel, aluminium, magnesium, cooper and her alloy, lead, nickel and metal ceramics. Our company uses the top quality digital supersonic defectoscopes of Krautkamer brand.

This is the most effective and the most disseminated non-destructive testing. This testing is based on phenomenon of absorption X and gamma radiation transmitted by material itself. As a result of radiation on material, after the photochemical machining, we obtain its image on a plate. This method is very useful during the tests on defects inside welds, welding joints, castings, machinery elements and various constructions, it also helps in finding differences in gauge. Radiography testing is characterized by a very high level of reliability.